Phytotoxicity and Antimicrobial Activity of Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Using Nigella sativa Seeds on Wheat Seedlings

Recently, the green synthesis of nanomaterials has grown in popularity and become one most used approaches. Plant extracts are safe for environment could be cost-effective nanoparticle preparation. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been synthesized using aqueous Nigella sativa (N. sativa) seeds. The formation AgNPs was confirmed by an X-ray diffractometer, a UV-visible spectrometer, transmission electron microscope. phytotoxicity genotoxicity different AgNP concentrations (12.5, 25, 50, 75, 100 μg·L−1) were evaluated wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seed germination. results showed that did not significantly affect germination, while root coleoptile lengths decreased considerably. On contrary, biomass seedlings markedly increased response to treatments. Moreover, detected, especially at high AgNPs. DNA, RNA, total soluble proteins decreased. In addition, antimicrobial activities biosynthesized detected.